Burial and exhumation of the Hoh Xil Basin,northern Tibetan Plateau: Constraints from detrital (U-Th)/He ages     

Jin-Gen Dai  Matthew Fox  David L. Shuster  Jeremy Hourigan  Xu Han  Ya-Lin Li  Cheng-Shan Wang 《Basin Research》2020,32(5):894-915

The uplift and associated exhumation of the Tibetan Plateau has been widely considered a key control of Cenozoic global cooling. The south-central parts of this plateau experienced rapid exhumation during the Cretaceous–Palaeocene periods. When and how the northern part was exhumed, however, remains controversial. The Hoh Xil Basin (HXB) is the largest late Cretaceous–Cenozoic sedimentary basin in the northern part, and it preserves the archives of the exhumation history. We present detrital apatite and zircon (U-Th)/He data from late Cretaceous–Cenozoic sedimentary rocks of the western and eastern HXB. These data, combined with regional geological constraints and interpreted with inverse and forward model of sediment deposition and burial reheating, suggest that the occurrence of ca. 4–2.7 km and ca. 4–2.3 km of vertical exhumation initiated at ca. 30–25 Ma and 40–35 Ma in the eastern and western HXB respectively. The initial differential exhumation of the eastern HXB and the western HXB might be controlled by the oblique subduction of the Qaidam block beneath the HXB. The initial exhumation timing in the northern Tibetan Plateau is younger than that in the south-central parts. This reveals an episodic exhumation of the Tibetan Plateau compared to models of synchronous Miocene exhumation of the entire plateau and the early Eocene exhumation of the northern Tibetan Plateau shortly after the India–Asia collision. One possible mechanism to account for outward growth is crustal shortening. A simple model of uplift and exhumation would predict a maximum of 0.8 km of surface uplift after upper crustal shortening during 30–27 Ma, which is insufficient to explain the high elevations currently observed. One way to increase elevation without changing exhumation rates and to decouple uplift from upper crustal shortening is through the combined effects of continental subduction, mantle lithosphere removal and magmatic inflation.  相似文献   

龙泉山断裂带断层最新活动年代及方式     

刘亮  梁斌  燕中林  苏画  何学锋 《中国地质调查》2020,7(5):77-87

龙泉山断裂带属龙门山前陆隆起,与青藏高原龙门山的隆升演化密切相关。为探讨龙泉山断裂带断层活动方式、期次及年代特征,在该断裂带不同部位采集了断层泥样品,通过扫描电镜(SEM)对样品中的石英颗粒进行了痕迹微形貌和溶蚀微形貌观察,通过电子自旋共振(ESR)测试了样品断层的最新活动年龄,并结合区域地震资料,进一步研究了龙泉山断裂带断层的发震潜力。结果表明: 龙泉山断裂带断层运动方式以黏滑为主,兼蠕滑; 具有多期次活动特征,强烈活动时间为早更新世—中更新世,晚更新世也有明显断层活动,全新世断层活动不明显; SEM 、ESR、热释光(TL)测得的断层最新活动年龄为(1 210±121)~(110±10.0) ka; 最新活动年代和活动性具有分段性,中段断层活动性较弱,北段和南段断层活动性较强。总之,龙泉山断裂带为1条活动性断裂带,具有一定的发震潜力,地震沿断裂带呈带状分布,但相比其西侧的龙门山断裂带,其活动性已大大降低。  相似文献   

浊积岩和砂质碎屑流岩关键识别标志及辽河盆地岩心实例^*          下载免费PDF全文

杨棵  朱筱敏  刘宇  刘兴周  郭峰 《古地理学报》2020,22(3):483-492

重力流是自然界中广泛存在的一种流体形式,不同学者基于不同切入点往往会提出多种重力流的划分方案。采用浊流和碎屑流的二分方案,对浊积岩和砂质碎屑流岩的沉积特征展开综述和探讨,旨在进一步概括这2类岩石的沉积特征,明确具有指示意义的最典型相标志。研究表明,在野外露头和钻井岩心中,可以通过以下典型特征鉴别浊积岩和砂质碎屑流岩: 砂岩内若发育以正粒序为特征的递变层理,则应该将其认定为浊积岩;若砂岩内发育泥岩撕裂屑、漂浮状泥砾或不含任何层理构造(块状砂岩),则应该将其认定为砂质碎屑流岩。这些特征是鉴别浊积岩和砂质碎屑流岩最可靠的标志。此外,变形层理、爬升波纹交错层理、波状层理、平行纹层、冲刷侵蚀界面、岩性突变界面和槽模等沉积构造也具有一定指示意义,出现这些特征时需要结合沉积背景、岩相的垂向组合关系和地球物理等资料进行综合判断。  相似文献   

鄂尔多斯盆地正宁地区三叠系延长组长9油层组成岩作用^*          下载免费PDF全文

沈默  朱筱敏  李程善  张文选  程逸凡  江梦雅 《古地理学报》2020,22(3):539-554

综合利用岩心、铸体薄片、扫描电镜等多种资料,对鄂尔多斯盆地正宁地区三叠系延长组长9油层组储集层的岩石类型、成岩作用类型、成岩相分布特征及主控因素进行了系统研究。延长组长9油层组储集层的岩石类型为细—中粒岩屑质长石砂岩和长石质岩屑砂岩,成岩作用类型主要为压实作用,同时还有绿泥石、方解石、铁方解石及硅质胶结作用,方解石交代作用和少量的溶蚀作用,储集层目前处于中成岩A期。根据层理频率和塑性颗粒含量将岩石划分为高频层理富片状塑性颗粒粉—细砂岩岩石相和低频层理富刚性矿物细—中砂岩岩石相,前者分布于水下分流河道边部,发育压实致密成岩相;后者形成于水下分流河道主河道和河口坝。根据砂体结构可划分为厚层单砂体和厚层多砂体。厚层单砂体为单期形成的河道或河口坝砂体,上部以方解石充填胶结成岩相为特征,下部以绿泥石衬边胶结成岩相为特征;厚层多砂体为多期砂体冲刷叠置形成,发育方解石绿泥石充填胶结成岩相。塑性颗粒含量对压实作用强度影响最大,叠加碳酸盐胶结致使储集层质量变差,而早期绿泥石环边胶结抑制压实作用,是有利储集层发育的重要条件。综合评价表明,延长组长9油层组有利储集层发育于绿泥石衬边胶结相,其次为绿泥石和方解石充填胶结相,最差储集层为方解石充填胶结相和压实致密相。  相似文献   

尺度政治视角下的新安江流域生态补偿政府主体博弈     

任以胜  陆林  虞虎  朱道才 《地理学报》2020,75(8):1667-1679

流域生态补偿是中国跨区域生态治理和自然区域保护的一项重要经济、社会、环境政策,涉及区域利益主体权益差异与协调、区域生态协同发展和合作模式构建等方面,是一个典型的地理学研究命题。本文将制度粘性引入到尺度政治理论中,剖析新安江流域生态补偿政府主体的博弈行为,探究不同政府主体的博弈特征和博弈机制。结果表明:中央政府、省级政府、市级政府等不同层级政府主体经历了竞争博弈、合作博弈和竞合博弈3个阶段,构建政府利益共同体能够推进流域生态补偿建设,中央政府的“适度介入”是开展跨省流域生态补偿的关键;流域生态补偿制度从“垂直”模式向“垂直—水平”模式的变迁过程中存在明显的制度粘性,政府主体利用政策革新和社会参与等制度约束稀释制度粘性,重塑流域生态补偿制度;尺度转换是推动新安江流域生态补偿的核心机制,政府主体通过重新分配权力和资本、嵌入非正式约束塑造流域生态补偿话语体系,推动新安江流域生态补偿由“强国家—弱社会”向“强国家—强社会”结构模式的转变。研究结果能够为构建跨区域流域生态补偿机制提供理论支撑,为合理评价和指导流域生态补偿实践、促进流域经济社会协调可持续发展提供科学依据。  相似文献   

Main active faults and seismic activity along the Yangtze River Economic Belt: Based on remote sensing geological survey     

《China Geology》2020,3(2):314-338

The Yangtze River Economic Belt (YREB) spans three terrain steps in China and features diverse topography that is characterized by significant differences in geological structure and present-day crustal deformation. Active faults and seismic activity are important geological factors for the planning and development of the YREB. In this paper, the spatial distribution and activity of 165 active faults that exist along the YREB have been compiled from previous findings, using both remote-sensing data and geological survey results. The crustal stability of seven particularly noteworthy typical active fault zones and their potential effects on the crustal stability of the urban agglomerations are analyzed. The main active fault zones in the western YREB, together with the neighboring regional active faults, make up an arc fault block region comprising primarily of Sichuan-Yunnan and a “Sichuan-Yunnan arc rotational-shear active tectonic system” strong deformation region that features rotation, shear and extensional deformation. The active faults in the central-eastern YREB, with seven NE-NNE and seven NW-NWW active faults (the “7-longitudinal, 7-horizontal” pattern), macroscopically make up a “chessboard tectonic system” medium-weak deformation region in the geomechanical tectonic system. They are also the main geological constraints for the crustal stability of the YREB.  相似文献   

淮南顾桥煤矿新构造运动的证据     

韩必武  韩鹤威  白志钊 《中国煤炭地质》2020,(1):11-17,31

新构造运动系指晚新生代以来的构造运动,其在天然地震研究、煤田地质与油气勘探、城市建设等领域均具有重要的意义。以淮南顾桥煤矿为研究区,结合区域构造背景和顾桥煤矿的地震地质条件,利用地震解释中的层拉平技术恢复研究区典型剖面的古构造地貌,厘定了各条断层的时空配置关系;结合13块钻孔岩心样品的ESR和热释光年龄,定量分析了断层的发育年代。结果表明:研究区存在新构造运动,且与地震层拉平构造演化预测结论吻合;研究成果对于顾桥煤矿的设计和安全生产的意义。  相似文献   

黔北正安地区五峰组—龙马溪组页岩气地质特征及有利区预测     

贺永忠  向坤鹏  安亚运  易成兴  杨忠琴  于宁 《中国地质调查》2020,7(3):21-29

为明确黔北正安地区上奥陶统五峰组至下志留统龙马溪组的页岩气地质特征,充分应用页岩气地质调查、重磁电、二维地震、地质调查井及测试分析等工作方法,开展黔北正安地区1:5万页岩气基础地质调查,对五峰组至龙马溪组富有机质页岩的分布、沉积环境、有机地球化学、岩石矿物、储集性能及含气性等特征进行分析研究,结果表明: 研究区五峰组—龙马溪组富有机质页岩为深水陆棚相沉积,主要分布有安场向斜、斑竹向斜和泥高向斜,厚度14.5~55 m,埋深0~3 200 m; 有机碳(TOC)含量1.0%~4.0%,有机质镜质体反射率(R_o)为1.82%~2.23%,有机质类型以Ⅰ型干酪根为主; 岩石主要由石英、长石和黏土矿物组成,脆性矿物含量高,一般大于50%; 孔隙度为2.03%~3.89%,渗透率为0.35×10^-5~1.86×10^-5μm²,表现为低孔、特低渗的特征; 最高含气量为2.88 m³/t,显示出较好的含气性特征。综合分析和评价圈出3个页岩气聚集有利区,分别为安场区块、斑竹区块和泥高区块,这为研究区页岩气进一步勘探开发指明了方向。  相似文献   

Coupling relationship between reservoir diagenesis and hydrocarbon accumulation in Lower Cretaceous Yingcheng Formation of Dongling,Changling fault depression,Songliao Basin,Northeast China     

《China Geology》2020,3(2):247-261

The Lower Cretaceous Yingcheng Formation in the southern Songliao Basin is the typical tight oil sandstone in China. In order to better predict the petrophysical properties of the tight sandstone reservoirs in the Lower Cretaceous Yingcheng Formation, Songliao Basin, Northeast China, the diagenesis and porosity evolution was investigated using a suite of petrographic and geochemical techniques including thin section analysis, scanning electron microscopy, mercury intrusion and fluid inclusion analysis, on a set of selected tight sandstone samples. Combined with the histories of burial evolution, organic matter thermal evolution and hydrocarbon charge, the matching relationship between reservoir porosity evolution and hydrocarbon accumulation history is analyzed. The result showed that the tight sandstone reservoirs characterized of being controlled by deposition, predominated by compaction, improved by dissolution and enhanced by cementation. The hydrocarbon accumulation period was investigated using a suite of hydrocarbon generation and expulsion history, microfluorescence determination and temperature measurement technology. According to the homogenization temperature of the inclusions and the history of burial evolution, Yingcheng Formation has mainly two phases hydrocarbon accumulation. The first phase of oil and gas is charged before the reservoir is tightened, the oil and gas generated by Shahezi source rocks enter the sand body of Yingcheng Formation, influenced by the carrying capability of sand conducting layer, oil and gas is mainly conducted by the better properties and higher connectivity sand body and enriched in the east, which belongs to the type of densification after hydrocarbon accumulation. The second phase of oil and gas charge after densification, which belongs to the type of densification before the hydrocarbon accumulation.  相似文献   

Predicting groundwater level of wells in the Diyala River Basin in eastern Iraq using artificial neural network          下载免费PDF全文

Abdulrahman Th Mohammad  Qassem H Jalut  Nadia L Abbas 《地下水科学与工程》2020,8(1):87-96

Al-Mansourieh zone is a part of Al-Khalis City within the province of Diyala and located in the Diyala River Basin in eastern Iraq with a total area about 830 km2.Groundwater is the main water source for agriculture in this zone.Random well drilling without geological and hydraulic information has led the most of these wells to dry up quickly.Therefore,it is necessary to estimate the levels of groundwater in wells through observed data.In this study,Alyuda NeroIntelligance 2.1 software was applied to predict the groundwater levels in 244 wells using sets of measured data.These data included the coordinates of wells(x,y),elevations,well depth,discharge and groundwater levels.Three ANN structures(5-3-3-1,5-10-10-1 and 5-11-11-1)were used to predict the groundwater levels and to acquire the best matching between the measured and ANN predicted values.The coefficient of correlation,coefficient determination(R2)and sum-square error(SSE)were used to evaluate the performance of the ANN models.According to the ANN results,the model with the three structures has a good predictability and proves more effective for determining groundwater level in wells.The best predictor was achieved in the structure 5-3-3-1,with R2 about 0.92,0.89,0.84 and 0.91 in training,validation,testing and all processes respectively.The minimum average error in the best predictor is achieved in validation and testing processes at about 0.130 and 0.171 respectively.On the other hand,the results indicated that the model has the potential to determine the appropriate places for drilling the wells to obtain the highest level of groundwater.  相似文献